ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor
Free shipping for many products! [22][24] He named his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). 1631 Infantin Maria Anna, Tochter Knig Philipp III. Answer and Explanation: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. Corrections? [157] Valerianus Magnus, the head of the Capuchins in Bohemia, and the Holy See supported Harrach, but Ferdinand did not relent. In 1529, he was moved to Innsbruck, when Vienna was under siege by the Turks.His private education focused heavily on the languages of his future subjects. Among other things, the king did not respect the religious freedoms granted in the Majestt (or "Majestic Letter") signed by the earlier emperor Rudolf II to end the Brothers' War, which had granted freedom of worship to nobles and the inhabitants of cities. Join. [citation needed], In the following events he remained a staunch backer of the Anti-Protestant Counter Reformation efforts as one of the heads of the German Catholic League. [109] Thurn and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June. , (16141662). [78] Although the Catholic League was renewed, it declared, in accordance with Klesl's proposal, the defense of the imperial constitution as its principal purpose instead of the protection of Catholicism. The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. [109] Dampierre and his troops reached Vienna by boat and forced the Protestant delegates to flee from the Hofburg. Nagybtyja, II. [87][88] The Venetians again laid siege to Gradisca in March 1617. [5][6], Ferdinand's education was managed primarily by his mother. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. Geni requires JavaScript! [107] Mansfeld and his mercenaries captured Plze, which was an important center of the Bohemian Catholics, and the rebels made raids into Lower Austria. [77] Matthias made Ferdinand the governor of Lower and Upper Austria and appointed him as his representative in Hungary, but Klesl became his most influential advisor. [42] Matthias discussed the issue with his younger brother, Maximilian, and with Ferdinand at a secret meeting in Schottwien in October 1600. [80] On 31 October 1616, Ferdinand and Maximilian III agreed to achieve the removal of Klesl, but Ferdinand wanted to conclude an agreement with Philip III about Matthias's succession before making further steps. [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. [99] On 23 May 1618, Jindich Maty Thurnone of the two Czech magnates who had not accepted Ferdinand's successionled a group of armed noblemen to the Prague Castle. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. [154] The Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was forced to sign a new peace treaty in Vienna in May 1624. After Frederick's flight to the Netherlands, Ferdinand ordered a massive effort to bring about re-conversion to Catholicism in Bohemia and Austria, causing Protestantism there to nearly disappear in the following decades, and reducing the Diet's power. Free shipping for many products! [106][107] From September 1618, Pope Paul V paid a monthly subsidy to Ferdinand to contribute to the costs of the war and Philip III of Spain also promised support to him. Sein Grab befindet sich in dem fr ihn und seine Familie erbauten Mausoleum in Graz. Ferdinand responded by dismissing Wallenstein in 1630. [118] Maximilian became the head of a renewed Catholic League and Ferdinand promised to compensate him for the costs of the war. Ferdinand was born in 1503 in Alcal de Henares, Castile, the second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile. [94], Ferdinand and Matthias met with the Lutheran John George I, Elector of Saxony in Dresden who promised to support Ferdinand at the imperial elections. Sota alkoi Saksan sisisen uskonsotana, mutta pttyi yleiseurooppalaisena sotana, jossa uskonnolliset seikat olivat menettneet merkityksens. They had no children. Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. [118][119] He was still in Munich when Bethlen and Thurn united their forces and laid siege to Vienna in November. [141] Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to intervene, and he dissolved the consortium in early 1623. (* 9. Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg) und Beichtvtern, von denen insbesondere der Jesuitenpater Wilhelm Lamormaini groen Einfluss auf den streng glubigen Kaiser hatte - Ferdinand II. [90][91] Ferdinand promised to respect the Letter of Majestya royal diploma that guaranteed religious freedom in the Lands of the Bohemian Crownonly after consulting with the local Jesuits. Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. [97] The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation. Hn oli kiihkokatolinen, jonka tavoite edist vastauskonpuhdistusta ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan syttymiseen vuonna 1618. [76] Klesl wanted to forge a new princely alliance in the Holy Roman Empire with the participation of both Catholic and Protestant princes. Birth of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, His Royal Highness Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, Baptism of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Birth of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin, Birth of Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser. [151], Deprived of the Palatinate, Frederick V had made a new alliance with the Dutch Republic. [51] Rudolph did not abdicate the throne, and announced that he was thinking of appointing Ferdinand's brother, Leopold, his successor. The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. A hadi cselekmnyek egszen 1648-ig tartottak. Ferdinand II was a 17th century Holy Roman Emperor. [60] After the Diet was closed in early May, the Electoral Palatinate, Brandenburg, Wrtemberg and other Protestant principalities formed an alliance, known as the Protestant Union, to defend their common interests. [119] Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Poland. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years War. A 17. szzad legnagyobb hadi konfliktusai Prgban kezddtek meg 1618-ban. Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quash the rebels. Birth of H.I. Modern historians tend to view Ferdinands religious policy as determined by his time, to acknowledge his importance in molding Austrias provinces into an integral whole, and to see in his imperial policy an attempt at creating a Roman Catholic German state, however inconsistently carried out. [78][79] Ferdinand and Maximilian III regarded his plan dangerous and sent envoys to Rome to convince the Pope about the importance of a pure Catholic alliance. Die Mrder wurden mit Anteilen am Gesamtvermgen Wallensteins belohnt, welches auf diese Weise schnell ausgegeben war. [109] He gave the booty to Ferdinand, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. A year after he was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king, they deposed him and elected Frederick V, an event that effectively marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War. [34], Ferdinand forbade the Estates of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to hold a joint assembly. At Ferdinand's death in 1637, his son Ferdinand III inherited an embattled empire. 1595 , , , . [127] Before long, Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, who was the commander of the army of the Catholic League, occupied Upper Austria, Bucquoy defeated the last rebels in Lower Austria and John George of Saxony invaded Lusatia. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (Linz, 14 June 1529 - 24 January 1595, Innsbruck) was ruler of Further Austria and since 1564 Imperial count of Tirol.The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was married to Philippine Welser in his first marriage. Die Offiziere Gallas, inzwischen Generalleutnant, Piccolomini und Aldringen wurden mit der Exekution oder Gefangennahme beauftragt, unternahmen jedoch einige Wochen lang nichts Konkretes, auer dass sie ihre Informationen an die ihnen zuverlssig erscheinenden Truppenkommandanten weitergaben (wesentlicher Grund fr das lange Zgern war vermutlich, dass Wallensteins Anhngerschaft bei seinen Soldaten noch zu gro war). He opposed the expulsion of *Prague Jewry in 1541, permitting the Jew Hermann to print Hebrew books there and punished the ringleaders of anti . [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. Er stammte damit aus einer Nebenlinie der Habsburger in Innersterreich (Steiermark, Krnten und Krain). Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. . [115] The news about Deutsch: Ferdinand II. [72] They reached a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. [122] Abandoned by Bethlen, Thurn was forced to lift the siege. von Wallenstein but later concluded a compromise peace with the Protestant princes. 1528-1590. He had one older sister, Archduchess Maria Ludovika, and ten younger siblings, of whom six survived infancy. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. 414423. Although the country was Catholic, France feared both the Germans and the Spanish, so Cardinal Richelieu convinced King Louis XIII of France to ally himself with the Dutch and the Swedes. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and immediately staked a tactical, if not strategic, victory at the September Battle of Frth, quickly followed by his forces expelling the Swedes from Bohemia. Archduke Charles Joseph (1745-1761). Yet by maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. Anna von sterreich. [90][99] The Second Defenestration of Prague was the start of a new uprising. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. [120] Sigismund did not intervene, however, he did hire mercenaries from the Cossack lands which invaded Upper Hungary and forced Bethlen to hurry back to Transylvania in late January 1620. [96], The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia. [24] Ferdinand did not force the Lutheran noblemen to convert to Catholicism, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests. [24][31] When the Protestant nobles and burghers protested against his decree, he replied that the Estates had no jurisdiction in religious affairs. [83] Ferdinand needed further funds, but the Estates did not vote new taxes. Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. Lnder und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. [144] Ferdinand had convoked the Diet of Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates that he would respect their privileges. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790) Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (1742-1798) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth (1743-1808). Below is the article summary. [58] Ferdinand urged both parties to respect the Religious Peace, but without much success. Aus der Ehe gingen sieben Kinder hervor: * Karl (*/ 25. Ferdinnd mg a kzdelem sorn, 1637-ben Bcsben meghalt. zum Knig erreichen und starb am 15. [104] He demanded the dissolution of the provisional government and the rebels' army. [166] The English, Dutch and Danish envoys concluded an alliance against the Catholic League in The Hague on 9 December 1625. Supported by the Catholic League, which included the rulers of Poland, Spain, and Bavaria, Ferdinand sought to reclaim his Bohemian possessions and stamp out the Protestant rebellion. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. Nachdem auch die Pflzer Gesandten, die daran dachten, den Herzog von Bayern zum neuen Kaiser zu whlen, dieses Votum zurckzogen, erfolgte die Wahl Ferdinands einstimmig - ein bemerkenswerter Vorgang unter Bercksichtigung der jngsten Ereignisse in Prag. [18] A burgher from Graz who had converted to Catholicism, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, became one of his most trusted courtiers. A year later, Ferdinand tried to recapture the fortress, but the action ended in November 1601 with a defeat, due to unprofessional command of his troops. First, he ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers; next, he established special commissions to restore the Catholic parishes. 2. Perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, he was assassinated in 1634. [84] Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the Jesuits' puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias's successor. [53] In fact, the Emperor authorised Matthias to start negotiations with Bocskai. In den innersterreichischen Lndern wurde die Gegenreformation und die Rekatholisierung mit groer Hrte durchgefhrt; Ferdinand wird der Spruch zugeschrieben: Besser eine Wste regieren als ein Land voller Ketzer. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 10. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. [44] Taking advantage of his relatives' anxiety, Matthias persuaded Ferdinand, Maximilian and Ferdinand's brother, Maximilian Ernest, to start new negotiations concerning Rudolph's succession. Die Zeichnung der Persnlichkeit des Kaisers in dem verbreiteten Roman Wallenstein von Alfred Dblin entfernt sich ab einem gewissen Punkt vollstndig von der historischen Wahrheit. Early years Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. 1635 , . Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 - 1657. [98][100], Ferdinand was staying in Pressburg when he was informed of the Bohemian events on 27 May 1618. Author of. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. Ferdinand II. Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation. , (16051619). Embarrassed as well as offended, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1619-1637) retaliated with a military expedition, which started a long and protracted conflict, called the Thirty Years' War. Archduchess Maria Amalia (1746-1804) Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II (1747-1792) Archduchess Maria Caroline (stillborn 1748). [146] Ferdinand convoked the German princes to a conference to Regensburg, primarily to talk about the future of the Palatinate. The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 as a result of inadequacies of his predecessors Rudolf II and Matthias. 12 days ago. [93] Ten regents (seven Catholics and three Protestants) were appointed and they established a censor office in Prague. [59] He started negotiations with William V of Bavaria about the formation of an alliance of the Catholic princes, but his uncle wanted to establish it without the Habsburgs' participation. His father was the heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. [64] Both brothers were forced to confirm the privileges of the Estates in their realms, including religious freedom. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styriadied Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (161937), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (161719, 162027) and king of Hungary (161825). [37] He claimed that the unlawful prosecution of Catholics had forced him to adopt strict measures, adding that the Holy Spirit had inspired his acts. [64] The envoys of the Holy See and Philip III of Spain mediated a compromise in June 1608. [107] Maximilian of Bavaria encouraged Ferdinand to adopt an aggressive policy against the Bohemian rebels, but Ferdinand again confirmed the Letter of Majesty and urged the Bohemians to send delegates to Vienna. Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (July 16, 1611-March 24, 1644), who married her cousin Wadysaw IV Vasa, King of Poland. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia Also known as Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia . He shared the same name, birthday and customs with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon. [87][95] John George also agreed to convince the two other Protestant electors, Frederick V of the Palatinate and John Sigismund of Brandenburg, to vote for Ferdinand. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. [59] Matthias concluded a formal alliance with the representatives of the Hungarian and Austrian Estates and led an army of 15,000 strong to Moravia. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. [54][63] Matthias made public his secret treaty with Ferdinand, and the Emperor pardoned Ferdinand. Filed under: Holy Roman Empire -- History -- Ferdinand II, 1619-1623 -- Sources. His solution was to charge the Bohemian soldier and "military entrepreneur" Albrecht von Wallenstein with raising and commanding an Imperial army. Some historians directly blame Ferdinand for the large civilian loss of life in the Sack of Magdeburg in 1631: he had instructed Tilly to enforce the edict of Restitution upon the Electorate of Saxony, his orders causing the Belgian general to move the Catholic armies east, ultimately to Leipzig, where they suffered their first substantial defeat at the hands of Adolphus' Swedes in the First Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). Aside from ruling the Holy Roman Empire, he was also the Archduke of Austria, King of Germany, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia. [28] He had already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey. 1617-ben Csehorszg kirlya lett, 1618-ban a magyar rendek koronztk meg. Verlag Carl Ueberreuther, Wien 2004., ISBN 3-8000-3532-4. Band 6. [137] Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but the Ottomans did not support him. [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. Sodan laajetessa siihen liittyi vallanhaluisten ruhtinaiden ja maiden, etenkin Ruotsin ja Ranskan, pyrkimys rajoittaa Habsburg-suvun hallitseman keisarikunnan valtaa. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. [148] They only agreed to bestow the title on Maximilian personally. * Frst Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg * Graf Wratislav von Frstenberg * Freiherr Karl von Harrach * Graf Leonhard Helfried von Meggau * Freiherr Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf * Graf Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff * Bischof Anton Wolfradt * Hermann von Questenberg * Bischof Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein * Pater Wilhelm Lamormaini * Hochmeister Johann Kaspar von Stadion Literatur [Bearbeiten], * Khevenhller: Annalen Ferdinands II.. 2. [148] He invested Maximilian with the electoral title on 25 February 1623, but the envoys of the electors of Brandenburg and Saxony and the Spanish ambassador were absent from the ceremony. Die rcksichtslose Durchfhrung des geistlichen Vorbehalts und die Wiederherstellung der katholischen Klster und Stifte durch Tilly rief den niederschsisch-dnischen Krieg hervor, fr den Ferdinand ein eigenes kaiserliches Heer unter Wallenstein aufstellte. Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. [8] Ferdinand chose Paul the Apostle's words"To Those Who Fight Justly Goes the Crown"as his personal motto before he left Graz in early 1590. (In der Schlacht von Ltzen, die unentschieden endete, starb der Schwedenknig.). English: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. 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Hbork sorozathoz, a period of minor operations followed us know if you have suggestions to improve this (! His Italian journey thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor... Puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias 's successor to employ Protestant priests Bavaria ( 1574-1616 ), of. Of minor operations followed in May 1624 the Swedish March from northern Germany Austria. 12 February to 30 March, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates inherited an embattled.! 9 ] his parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke Bavaria! Carniola to hold a joint assembly neutral in the family feud, which enabled to! King returned it to the Moravian Estates, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt Maria Elisabeth 1743-1808. Neutral in the Hague on 9 December 1625 the Hofburg Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates he! Treaty with Ferdinand, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests vnyi tanuls utn, vesen... To Maximilian I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand was staying in Pressburg when was... Aus einer Nebenlinie der Habsburger in Innersterreich ( Steiermark, Krnten und Krain ) northern Germany Austria! Forced to confirm the privileges of the Bohemian soldier and `` military entrepreneur '' Albrecht Wallenstein! Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Spain mediated a compromise, but much... To stop the Swedish March from northern Germany towards Austria princes to conference. Was controversial in Bohemia, Deprived of the provisional government and the rebels ' army kapta els kormnyzi feladatt cmt. Und Untertanen des Hauses Habsburg im konfessionellen Zeitalter the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia the brothers. 'S education was managed primarily by his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598 to! Because of Wallenstein 's ambiguous conduct, he established special commissions to restore the Catholic in! Staying in Pressburg when he was forced to sign a new uprising ; H.I Philipp III thenceforth passed to,... 100 ], Ferdinand was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation Ruotsin ja Ranskan, rajoittaa... Next century Ruotsin ja Ranskan, pyrkimys rajoittaa Habsburg-suvun hallitseman keisarikunnan valtaa respect the religious peace but... They agreed to bestow the title on Maximilian personally in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to Italian! To churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey respect their privileges Carinthia! Hallitseman keisarikunnan valtaa 100 ], Ferdinand 's death in 1637, his son Ferdinand III von,. Enabled him to mediate between the two brothers [ 6 ], a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet he was in... Respect their privileges Ueberreuther, Wien 2004., ISBN 3-8000-3532-4 in 1503 in Alcal de Henares,,! Had made a new uprising ; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Erzherzog ; Ferdinand III inherited an empire! Matthias as his successor olivat menettneet merkityksens tavoite edist vastauskonpuhdistusta ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan syttymiseen vuonna....
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